Hydraulic balance.



l o. B. GOLDMAN. HYDBAULIG BALANCE.

APPLICATION FILED APB.11, 1913.

41,095,394. Patented may 5, 1914.

orio s. eenmaal@ fansite, uae-aen.

Rimaniamo Bannion.

s'pe'i'aeatioa 'of Letters' Patent.

appneauon mea april 1`1, 191s. serial No. 760,428.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known tha-t I, O'rro B. GOLDMAN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Portland, in the county of Multnomah and State of Oregon, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Hydraulic Balances, of which the following is a speciication.

This invention relates to an improvement in hydraulic balances, and. has or its object to provide means for hydraulically balancing against end thrust, in single suction pumps, in turbines and in single discharge Water wheels and the like.

A further object is to provide a means in a device of the kind described which is simple and convenient in construction and operation; and to this end it consistsin the novel construction, arrangement and com-A bination of parts herein shown and described and more particularly pointed out in the claims.

The objects set forth are accomplished by the structure illustrated in the accompany7- ing drawing, in which- Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view Y taken on the line of Fig. 2, showing a casing with the interior parts exposed. Fig. 2 is a transverse sectional view taken on the line y-y of Fig. 1. Figs. 3 and 4 are fragmentary views showing modifications for varying the opening between the shouldered portion of the casin and the runner.

' In the preferred form o -my device, when used in connection with centrifugal pumps, 1 'designates a casing which is approximately spiral, or approximately circular, or disk like in out-line, and whose obverse faces are approximately parallel. One of said'faces is open at 2 to permit the insertion of the runner or impeller 3, and to afford access to the interior. A closure 4 is tted into' said opening and to it, at a central point, is fixed the inlet pipe 5 which delivers water to the inlet 6 of the runner 3, where it fills the cavities formed between the vanes 7 and by means of which, upon the revolution of the runner, the water is forced into the diiiusion chamber 8,formed about the runner, and from -which it is driven through the discharge pipe 9 in the periphery of the casing.

Centrally on the face of the casing o posite the openin 2 is formed a two-way oss l0, provided with a central aperture 11, in which is mounted the driven shaft 12, carry- In a. recess in the boss' 10 is secured a stuifing gland 18. This shaft is movable longitudinally, as well as being its bearing. Upon the inner side of the rear face of the casing is formed a concentric ing the runner a, to which itisrigidly fixed.

rotatable in raeeafea May 5, 1914.

recess 14, leaving the annular shoulder 15, I

formed preferably at right angles to said face and parallel with the shaft 12. Upon the adjacent face of runner '3 is formed a concentric annular rib 16, fitted within the shoulder 15, and spaced therefrom.

About the shaft 12, on the runner, is formed a boss 17l adapted to be carried a ainst the inner face of boss 10. From the inner face of boss 17 ports 18 lead to the interior of,

the runner, and so disposed that when the runner is carried against the boss 10 said ports will be thereby closed.' vFrom the outer face of the runner is formed a boss 19, which is fit-ted into the opening 20 of the closure 4, and it is movable therein. This boss is provided with a centra-l aperture 6, registering with pipe 5. The boss 19 is fitted substantially watertight into the opening 20 and thereby reduces the area of the outer fa'ce of the runner, which is 'subject to pressure.

In operation power will be applied to shaft 12 to drive the runner 3, which will force the water therefrom into the diffusion chamber 8, and 'out throuf h the discharge pipe 9.A `This will tend to orm avacuum in the central portion ofthe runner, drawing in water through pipe 5, and creating a suction ofthe runner toward the outer face of the casing, -and tending to cause an end thrust of shaft 5 with the runner. The space between the vshoulder 15 and the Arib 16 is so gaged as to permit a certain fixed leakage of water therethrough to bear upon the inner face of the runner, but which is i free to escape through the ports' 18 into the partial vacuum at the center, so as to rei duce its pressure upon that side. As the 'water is forced into `the chamber' 8 by the motion. of the runner, it bears freely on the' outer face thereof, which will overcome the suctiom'or end thrust', and force' the run# ner against the boss 10. This will close the poi-ts .18, when the water on the rear face' will exert a forward force on the ruimer; and since the face of boss' 10 has a perceptibly smaller area than that of boss 19, the portion of the inner facestill subject to pressure is correspondingly greater than that of the outer face.

The force of the water on the inner face will,therefore, overcome that upon the outer face, and thereby carry the runner away from contact with boss to admit water through the ports 18 and relieve the pressure from the inner face. It will be observed that the longitudinal movement of the shaft 12 is only through a small fraction of an inch. It will be noted also that during such movement, there is no variation in the leakage opening between shoulders 15 and 16, while the space between bosses 10 and 17 varies direct-ly i therewith. In this manner the forces on the opposing faces of the runner are made to balance each other. lfVith the slightest movement of the runner away from boss 10,

l shaft 12 the leakage opening will vary with the space between bosses 1Q and 17. The angle of said beveled portion made with reference to the face of the recess must be less than an angle whose cosine is the ratio of the distance betweenthe outer sides of the ports 'in the inner boss to the diameter of the recess; in which case'the opening between bosses 10 and 17 will always be greaterthan the opening between said beveled surfaces at 15a and 16a, except when the runner is close to the boss, or at zero distance therefrom, so that when the bosses have approached each other more or less closely, there will be an increase of pressure due to such excess of the leakage at the periphery, which'will tend to move the runner toward the suction and thereby relieve any pressure above that necessary to establish a balance under operating conditions and vice versa, when the runner has moved too far toward t-he suction there will be a reduction of pressure in the recess and on the inner face of the runner, forcing the runner to move away from the suction and toward a point of balance.

In the form shownin Fig. 4 the shoulder 15b is inwardly beveled and the rib 16b is made to conform with it, so that with longi tudinal movements. of shaft 12 the leakage space Vwill vary inversely as that between the runner and boss 10.

Having now described my invention, what- I claim, is-

1. The combina-tion in a centrifugal pump,

or turbine of a casing, a recess in one side having an inclined periphery, a boss formed centrally in said recess, and provided with a central aperture, a shaft mounted in said aperture and movable longitudinally therein, a runner adapted to lie within said recess, and conforming to the periphery thereof, fixed upon said shaft, and having ports leading from points opposite said boss, through its adjacent side member.

2. The combination in acentrifugal pump, or turbine, of a casing a recess formed in one side, the periphery of the recess being formed at an angle with reference to the shaft, a boss having a Central aperture formed centrally in the recess, a shaft mounted to rotate in said aperture and movable longitudinally therein, an impeller fixed upon said shaft, one side of which is fitted within said recess conforming to said periphery and having ports leading through said side at points opposite said boss, whereby upon longitudinal movement of the shaft said ports.v may be closed and opened, and the ratio of the area between the periphery of the recess and said runner to the area between said central boss and said-runner will decrease asthe runner moves toward the suction and viceversa the ratio will increase as the runner moves away from the suction.

y 3. The combination in acentrifugal pump, or turbine, of a casing, a recess vformed in one side thereof, a boss having a central4 aperture formed centrally in the recess, the periphery of the recess being formed at an angle to the face thereof which is less than an angle whose cosine is the ratio of the distance between the outer sides of the ports l in said boss' to the diameter of said periph-- ery, a shaft mounted to rotate and movable longitudinally therein, an ilnpeller fixed i upon said shaft one side of which is fitted within said recess conforming to said pee riphery and having ports leading through4 said side at points opposite `said boss, whereby, upon longitudinal movement of the shaft said ports may be closed and opened, and the ratio of the area bet-Ween the periphery of the recess and said impeller to the area between said central boss and saidk orTo s. GOLDMAN. VVitnesses':

Cona KUHL,

HAZEL A. ARMSTRONG. 

